Spring Framework Interview Questions

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How to integrate  Java Server Faces (JSF) with Spring?

JSF and Spring do share some of the same features, most noticeably in the area of IOC services. By declaring JSF managed-beans in the faces-config.xml configuration file, you allow the FacesServlet to instantiate that bean at startup. Your JSF pages have access to these beans and all of their properties.We can integrate JSF and Spring in two ways:      DelegatingVariableResolver: Spring comes with a JSF variable resolver that lets you use JSF and Spring together.      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>      <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"         "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">           <faces-config>         <application>            <variable-resolver>               org.springframework.web.jsf.DelegatingVariableResolver            </variable-resolver>         </application>      </faces-config> The DelegatingVariableResolver will first delegate value lookups to the default resolver of the underlying JSF implementation, and then to Spring's 'business context' WebApplicationContext. This allows one to easily inject dependencies into one's JSF-managed beans. FacesContextUtils:custom VariableResolver works well when mapping one's properties to beans in faces-config.xml, but at times one may need to grab a bean explicitly. The FacesContextUtils class makes this easy. It is similar to WebApplicationContextUtils, except that it takes a FacesContext parameter rather than a ServletContext parameter.           ApplicationContext ctx = FacesContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(FacesContext.getCurrentInstance());

What is Significance of JSF- Spring integration ?

Spring - JSF integration is useful when an event handler wishes to explicitly invoke the bean factory to create beans on demand, such as a bean that encapsulates the business logic to be performed when a submit button is pressed.

How to integrate your Struts application with Spring?

To integrate your Struts application with Spring, we have two options:      Configure Spring to manage your Actions as beans, using the ContextLoaderPlugin, and set their dependencies in a Spring context file.      Subclass Spring's ActionSupport classes and grab your Spring-managed beans explicitly using a getWebApplicationContext() method.

What are the different types of bean injections?

There are two types of bean injections. 1.    By setter 2.    By constructor

What is Auto wiring?

You can wire the beans as you wish. But spring framework also does this work for you. It can auto wire the related beans together. All you have to do is just set the autowire attribute of bean tag to an autowire type. <beans>         <bean id="bar" class="com.act.Foo" Autowire="autowire type"/> </beans>

What are different types of Autowire types?

There are four different types by which autowiring can be done. byName byType constructor autodetect

What are the different types of events related to Listeners?

There are a lot of events related to ApplicationContext of spring framework. All the events are subclasses of org.springframework.context.Application-Event. They are ContextClosedEvent - This is fired when the context is closed. ContextRefreshedEvent - This is fired when the context is initialized or refreshed. RequestHandledEvent - This is fired when the web context handles any request.

What is an Aspect?

An aspect is the cross-cutting functionality that you are implementing. It is the aspect of your application you are modularizing. An example of an aspect is logging. Logging is something that is required throughout an application. However, because applications tend to be broken down into layers based on functionality, reusing a logging module through inheritance does not make sense. However, you can create a logging aspect and apply it throughout your application using AOP.

What is a Jointpoint?

A joinpoint is a point in the execution of the application where an aspect can be plugged in. This point could be a method being called, an exception being thrown, or even a field being modified. These are the points where your aspect's code can be inserted into the normal flow of your application to add new behavior.

What is an Advice?

Advice is the implementation of an aspect. It is something like telling your application of a new behavior. Generally, and advice is inserted into an application at joinpoints.

What is a Pointcut?

A pointcut is something that defines at what joinpoints an advice should be applied. Advices can be applied at any joinpoint that is supported by the AOP framework. These Pointcuts allow you to specify where the advice can be applied.

What is an Introduction in AOP?

An introduction allows the user to add new methods or attributes to an existing class. This can then be introduced to an existing class without having to change the structure of the class, but give them the new behavior and state.

What is a Target?

A target is the class that is being advised. The class can be a third party class or your own class to which you want to add your own custom behavior. By using the concepts of AOP, the target class is free to center on its major concern, unaware to any advice that is being applied.

What is a Proxy?

A proxy is an object that is created after applying advice to a target object. When you think of client objects the target object and the proxy object are the same.

What is meant by Weaving?

The process of applying aspects to a target object to create a new proxy object is called as Weaving. The aspects are woven into the target object at the specified joinpoints.

What are the different points where weaving can be applied?

Compile Time Classload Time Runtime

What are the different advice types in spring?

Around : Intercepts the calls to the target method Before : This is called before the target method is invoked After : This is called after the target method is returned Throws : This is called when the target method throws and exception Around : org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor Before : org.springframework.aop.BeforeAdvice After : org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice Throws : org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice

What are the different types of AutoProxying?

BeanNameAutoProxyCreator DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator Metadata autoproxying

What is the Exception class related to all the exceptions that are thrown in spring applications?

DataAccessException - org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException

What kind of exceptions those spring DAO classes throw?

The spring's DAO class does not throw any technology related exceptions such as SQLException. They throw exceptions which are subclasses of DataAccessException.

What is DataAccessException?

DataAccessException is a RuntimeException. This is an Unchecked Exception. The user is not forced to handle these kinds of exceptions.

How can you configure a bean to get DataSource from JNDI?

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">      <property name="jndiName">       <value>java:comp/env/jdbc/myDatasource</value>   </property> </bean>

How can you create a DataSource connection pool?

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">        <property name="driver">                <value>${db.driver}</value>        </property>        <property name="url">               <value>${db.url}</value>        </property>        <property name="username">              <value>${db.username}</value>        </property>        <property name="password">             <value>${db.password}</value>        </property> </bean>

How JDBC can be used more efficiently in spring framework?

JDBC can be used more efficiently with the help of a template class provided by spring framework called as JdbcTemplate.

How JdbcTemplate can be used?

With use of Spring JDBC framework the burden of resource management and error handling is reduced a lot. So it leaves developers to write the statements and queries to get the data to and from the database. JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(myDataSource); A simple DAO class looks like this. public class StudentDaoJdbc implements StudentDao {           private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;      public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {           this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;      }      more.. } The configuration is shown below. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">        <property name="dataSource">        <ref bean="dataSource"/>    </property> </bean> <bean id="studentDao" class="StudentDaoJdbc">        <property name="jdbcTemplate">         <ref bean="jdbcTemplate"/>    </property> </bean> <bean id="courseDao" class="CourseDaoJdbc">         <property name="jdbcTemplate">        <ref bean="jdbcTemplate"/>    </property> </bean>

How do you write data to backend in spring using JdbcTemplate?

The JdbcTemplate uses several of these callbacks when writing data to the database. The usefulness you will find in each of these interfaces will vary. There are two simple interfaces. One is PreparedStatementCreator and the other interface is BatchPreparedStatementSetter.

Explain about PreparedStatementCreator?

PreparedStatementCreator is one of the most common used interfaces for writing data to database. The interface has one method createPreparedStatement(). PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection conn) throws SQLException; When this interface is implemented, we should create and return a PreparedStatement from the Connection argument, and the exception handling is automatically taken care off. When this interface is implemented, another interface SqlProvider is also implemented which has a method called getSql() which is used to provide sql strings to JdbcTemplate.

Explain about BatchPreparedStatementSetter?

If the user what to update more than one row at a shot then he can go for BatchPreparedStatementSetter. This interface provides two methods setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException; int getBatchSize(); The getBatchSize() tells the JdbcTemplate class how many statements to create. And this also determines how many times setValues() will be called.

Explain about RowCallbackHandler and why it is used?

In order to navigate through the records we generally go for ResultSet. But spring provides an interface that handles this entire burden and leaves the user to decide what to do with each row. The interface provided by spring is RowCallbackHandler. There is a method processRow() which needs to be implemented so that it is applicable for each and everyrow. void processRow(java.sql.ResultSet rs);

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